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Why He-Ne tube is narrow ?

The resonant cavity's

a) cross-sectional dimensions governs Transverse mode

b) axial dimensions governs Longitudinal mode

c) The desired TEM00 mode (it gives beam of Gaussian-profile, having minimum spread due to diffraction) is obtained by making cross-sectional dimensions just slightly larger than the spot size of the TEM00 mode.

d) The coexistence of multiple modes reduces the monochromaticity of the laser.

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