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The simple answer: light refract under water thus the image of the ruler is slightly warped due to this effect.
The reason light refracts under water is the velocity of light (or any electromagnetic wave in fact) is slower when traveling through a denser medium (it reaches its fastest speed when in a vacuum). Since the light hits the different medium at an angle (or else it wouldn't refract), one side of the wave slows down, thus it bends towards the slower side, for instance imagine you are roller skating on the road, but you put one foot on the lawn, you immediately start turning towards the lawn since the grass slows one side of your body down, its pretty much the same thing with light, it bends toward the slower side.
Refraction is modeled by Snell's Law:
n1sin(theta1) = n2sin(theta2)
where n is the index of refraction
theta is the angle of incidence(the angle measured from the 90 degree mark of the surface)
a pencil in water looks bent because of refraction. when light enters a substance with a different density than the one it came out of, the light either slows down or speeds up. this makes the light appear bent. If there is a pencil in the water, it appears bent because the light is traveling at different speeds through water and air.
What else can I help you with?
What is a dual probe thermometer?
this is a thermometer that can work twice as much as a normal thermometer or a thermometer that can check the temperature of two things at the same time
What is the difference between a chocolate thermometer and a regular thermometer?
A chocolate thermometer and a regular thermometer differ from each other by its size and sturdiness. The chocolate thermometer are much bigger than the regular thermometer so that it can withstand the extreme heat. The normal thermometer can withstand less heat than the other one.
How can you use the words inquiry and thermometer in one sentence?
I did not understand the nurse's inquiry as to what I had done with the thermometer. Will an inquiry be necessary to find that thermometer? A silent thermometer has no inquiry.
Function of thermometer?
The function of a thermometer is to measure temperature.
Which device has a liquid in glass components?
thermometer
Why is it necessary for a clinical thermometer to have a bend?
The bend in a clinical thermometer allows the mercury or alcohol to stay in the measuring part of the thermometer for longer, ensuring an accurate reading. It prevents the column of liquid from dropping too quickly when removed from the body, providing a more stable and precise measurement.
Why there is a narrow bend in a thermomter?
The narrow bend in a thermometer, called the constriction, helps to trap and hold the liquid within the bulb of the thermometer as it expands and contracts with changes in temperature. This constriction also acts as a barrier to prevent the liquid from flowing back into the bulb when the thermometer is tilted or turned upside down.
What does a bimetal thermometer do?
A bimetal thermometer is two strips of different metals that have been stuck together. because the two metals will have differing rates of expansion under heat, the strip will bend towards one side. if the thermometer is colder than standard temperature, the strip will bend towards the side with a higher expansion rate, and if it is hotter, than it will bend towards the metal with the lower expansion rate. Because the expansion is a fixed property of a metal, a bimetal thermometer will have a relative accuracy because of them.
How do you tell how hot or cold something is?
use a thermometer.We can feel how hot or cold something is. However, sometimes things are just too hot or cold for us to feel safely. At other times we need to know exactly how hot or cold something is. When we need to measure temperature correctly we need to use an instrument called a thermometer. This measures temperature in degrees Celsius [sometimes called centigrade] or degrees Fahrenheit. There are different types of thermometers for different situations. A medical thermometer, for example, needs to be very accurate. It measures in fractions of degrees. When we are ill, even tiny changes in temperature are important. Some thermometers use a liquid that moves up a very fine glass tube. Most room thermometers, and outdoor thermometers are like this. The liquid is either mercury [ which is poisonous] or coloured alcohol. As liquids get warmer they expand [get bigger], and move up the tube. Water expands too, but not as much as alcohol and mercury. Thermometers that might be used by small children are not made of glass. They use a digital display which lights up the temperature. Inside the displays are chemicals that change colour according to the temperature.
How does bimetallic thermometer works?
It is an experiment that demonstrates thermal expansion. Two metals with different thermal expansion coefficients are bonded together and when heated, one will expand more than the other, causing the strip to bend to one side. No matter which way you direct the flame, the metal which expands more will bend in the same direction. This is used as a thermometer because the more intense the heat, the bigger the curve.
What are the types of thermometer?
Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin.
Why is there bend in a clinical thermometer?
It is made prismatic to refract maximum light towards its base & make mercury shining. It makes easy to take reading.
How does a bimetallic thermometer works?
It is an experiment that demonstrates thermal expansion. Two metals with different thermal expansion coefficients are bonded together and when heated, one will expand more than the other, causing the strip to bend to one side. No matter which way you direct the flame, the metal which expands more will bend in the same direction. This is used as a thermometer because the more intense the heat, the bigger the curve.
Origin of the word thermometer?
Thermometer
How the sixs thermometer works?
The Six's thermometer works based on the principle that different metals have different rates of expansion when heated. The instrument uses two metal strips bonded together that expand at different rates, causing them to bend in response to temperature changes. By measuring the amount of bending, the temperature can be determined.
How can you measure a body temperature?
What kind of thermometer you use to measure the body temperature
A device used to display the temperature?
a thermometer thermometer a thermometer
