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In the Battle of Antietam, the geography of the area, including the presence of Antietam Creek and the nearby hills, influenced the outcome as it provided natural defenses for the Union forces.

In the Battle of Gettysburg, the geography of the battlefield, with its elevated positions like Cemetery Ridge and Culp's Hill, allowed the Union to establish strong defensive positions and hold off Confederate advances, contributing to their victory.

In the Battle of Vicksburg, the geography of the surrounding terrain, including bluffs along the Mississippi River and difficult access points, made it challenging for the Confederates to break the Union siege, leading to the eventual surrender of Vicksburg and a Union victory.

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