Sympatric Speciation
The world population doubled twice between 1800 and 2020 due to advancements in medicine, agriculture, and technology. The first doubling occurred between 1800 and 1927, and the second doubling happened between 1927 and 1974. This rapid population growth has led to various challenges such as resource scarcity, environmental degradation, and social inequality.
If you are refering to cain from the bible then the reason he killed 1/4 of the worlds population is because according to the bible, when cain killed his brother able there were only a total of 4 people on earth ( adam,eve, cain, and able) so one person WAS 1/4 of the whole population
Gondwanaland was a supercontinent that gradually broke apart due to the movement of tectonic plates, forming the continents we have today. Antarctica drifted towards its current location at the South Pole as the breakup occurred. Today, Antarctica is mostly covered by ice, making it one of the coldest and most isolated places on Earth.
Occurred in Europe and the United States in the 19th century. Is happening today in most developing nations.
Without the Bantu-speaking migrations, the demographic, cultural, and linguistic landscape of Africa would likely be very different today. The Bantu migrations played a significant role in shaping the populations and societies across the continent, leading to the spread of agriculture, ironworking, and Bantu languages. If these migrations had not occurred, many African societies may have developed differently and the distribution of populations across regions would likely be altered.
speciation
allopatric speciation
Divergent speciation refers to the rise of a new species when organisms that can interbreed and reproduce fertile offspring get separated. Separation can be due to geographical barriers like mountains and lakes.
Isolation often leads to speciation, because as each isolated population evolves new characteristics, the separate populations eventually get DNA that is too different for the two to breed and have fertile offspring (this is the point when speciation has occurred). In the case that there is not isolation, the whole species must slowly evolve until it becomes a new species. However, here the line between where the speciation actually occurred becomes blurry, because it doesn't happen in a single generation.
The type of speciation that occurred among the Galapagos Islands finches is called "allopatric" speciation. Allopatric comes from roots meaning "other country". The immigrant finches, and many other birds and animals, were very isolated from other populations of the same species on the individual Galapagos Islands. The finches developed into at least 13 different species of finch on the islands.
If two populations of the same species no longer interbreed then their differences will start to become more pronounced and eventually they will become so different that they will be classified as two different sub-species.
It is called speciation. Speciation can happen through adaptation, which is a change in an organisms genetic code. If adaptation has gone on long enough so that the two organisms can no longer produce offspring, then speciation has occurred.
A mule is not an example of speciation; rather, it is a hybrid resulting from the mating of a male donkey and a female horse. Although mules are typically sterile and cannot reproduce, they are produced from two distinct species, which indicates that speciation has not occurred. Speciation refers to the process by which new species arise through evolutionary changes, while mules are a product of interspecies breeding.
D. arrival of founding populations
Scientists use a variety of evidence to determine when they think speciation occurred. This includes analyzing fossils, studying genetic similarities and differences between different species, and observing patterns of geographic distribution and reproductive isolation. Additionally, scientists may also use techniques such as radiometric dating to estimate the age of fossils and the timing of speciation events.
The ultimate allopatric ( geographic ) speciation. If you had a population of quite similar organisms in a area that split the population into two or more populations when continental drift occurred you would have different mutations and changing environments putting selective pressure on two or more populations now.
allopatric speciation happens when a physical barrier divides two populations of the same species and sympatric speciation happen when no physical barrier divides the member of a population, but methods such as polyploidy (chromosome doubling) do not let the members of the species have fertile offspring, 2 species are formed (the parental "normal" species and the divergent species "polyploids"). Remember that a species is defined as a population that when mated with one another produce fertile offspring. A polyploid and a parental organisms can not produce fertile offspring together so they become two different species and speciation is said to have occurred.