These density-independent factors include food or nutrient limitation, pollutants in the environment, and climate extremes, including seasonal cycles such as monsoons. In addition, catastrophic factors can also impact population growth, such as fires and hurricanes.
C) apex
volcanic eruption
Tornadoes
Availability of resources, such as food and water, is a destiny-independent factor in controlling a population. It directly affects the population size regardless of any predetermined destiny.
density independent limiting factor
Tornadoes
Hurricane Andrew would be considered a density-independent factor because its impact on a population does not change based on the population size or density. It affects all individuals in the same way regardless of the population's size.
A density-independent limiting factor is a factor that affects a population regardless of its size or density. These factors include natural disasters like wildfires, hurricanes, and droughts, which can reduce population size even if the population is small.
A density dependent factor is a limiting factor that depends on population size. A Density-independent limiting factor affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of the population size. Its in my Biology book.
A population size decrease is the usual response in the population size of many species to a density-independent limiting factor. Not enough food is an example of a limiting factor.
volcanic eruption
volcanic eruption