Medulla
The brainstem is the structure that links the upper and lower centers of the brain. It connects the cerebrum (upper brain) to the spinal cord (lower brain) and is responsible for basic life functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure regulation.
The brainstem is the structure that links the upper and lower centers of the brain. It controls basic functions like breathing and heart rate, and also serves as a pathway for communication between the brain and the rest of the body.
Eysenck's inhibition and arousal theory proposes that individuals differ in their baseline level of arousal and their threshold for stimulation. According to this theory, introverts have higher baseline arousal levels and lower thresholds for stimulation, leading them to seek out quieter, less stimulating environments. In contrast, extroverts have lower baseline arousal levels and higher thresholds for stimulation, prompting them to seek out more stimulating environments.
The cerebellum is the lower brain structure responsible for controlling and coordinating fine motor movements. It helps to maintain posture, balance, and smooth execution of voluntary movements.
Medium arousal is optimal for performance. Too much or too little arousal hampers performance.Optimal Levels: For easy tasks- at the higher end; For harder tasks- at the lower end (since too much arousal causes anxiety)
Arousal refers to the level of physiological activation in response to a stimulus, which can influence the intensity of emotions experienced. High arousal can sometimes lead to heightened emotional responses, while lower arousal may result in more subdued emotional reactions. The relationship between arousal and emotion is complex and can vary depending on individual differences and situational contexts.
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Yerkes and Dodson (1908) At low levels of arousal, performance will be below par, the athlete is not psyched up. As arousal increases so does performance, up to an optimal point. After this point, further increases in arousal lead to declines in performance. Each athlete has their own optimal level of arousal. Optimal arousal is higher for more simple tasks and lower for more complex tasks. Problems with inverted 'U' Theory * Critics question if optimal arousal always occurs at the mid-point of the curve. * One curve does not explain the different optimal levels of arousal needed for simple and complex tasks.
the lower half of the brain stem.
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The two cerebral hemispheres of the brain are connected at the lower midpoint by the corpus callosum. This structure allows for communication between the two hemispheres, enabling them to share information and coordinate functions.
Medulla OblongataThe medulla oblongata is the most inferior portion of the brain, and it is the connecting link with the spinal cord.