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the constitution
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Do all of the federal courts determine the number of US Supreme Court justices?
No. The US Constitution vests Congress with the authority to determine the structure of the federal courts, including the US Supreme Court. Congress set the number of justices on the Court at nine in the Judiciary Act of 1869.
What judicial powers does the Constitution give to Congress?
The Constitution gives Congress the judicial powers to create all of the federal courts below the Supreme Court and to structure the federal judiciary. Congress also has the power to define federal crimes and set punishment for violators of federal law.
What document set up the federal court system?
Article III of the US Constitution mandated that Congress establish a Supreme Court and gave it authority to create any other federal courts it deemed necessary. This was accomplished with the Judiciary Act of 1789.
Who establishes federal courts lower than the Supreme Court?
CongressBoth Article I, Section 8 and Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution assigned authority for creating the federal courts to Congress, or the Legislative branch. This allows Congress to establish Courts and tribunals that are part of the Judicial Branch (constitutional courts), as well as courts of limited jurisdiction that operate outside the Judicial Branch.Article III (constitutional) Courts comprise the Judicial Branch of government. All other federal courts fall outside the Judicial Branch.Article III, Section 1:"The judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behaviour, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services, a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office"The phrase "and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish" indicates the Framers intended Congress to have authority to create, dismantle, assign jurisdiction, vary court size, and make other unspecified changes at their discretion, unless the Constitution dictates otherwise.Current Article III CourtsUS District CourtsUS Court of International TradeUS Court of Appeals Circuit CourtsSupreme Court of the United StatesArticle I, Section 8:"[Congress shall have the power] [t]o constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court"Examples of Article I CourtsUS Court of Federal ClaimsUS Bankruptcy CourtUS Tax CourtUS Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
What is the hierarchy of courts in the Judicial Branch?
One Supreme CourtThere is one Supreme Court of the United States that serves as the final appellate court for the Judicial Branch. Supreme Court decisions set binding precedents for the courts below it.Thirteen CircuitsThere are thirteen US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts that serve as intermediate appellate courts between the trial courts and the Supreme Court. Most federal appeals are resolved at the Circuit level. Twelve of the Circuits have territorial jurisdiction over specific regions of the country and the District Courts operating in those regions. The US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has nationwide jurisdiction over special subject matter cases, such as appeals from the US Court of Federal Claims, and trademark and patent cases.US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts set binding precedents for the US District Courts within their territory, but their decisions are not binding on other Circuits or Districts outside their territory.Ninety-Four DistrictsThere are 94 US District Courts in the United States and its territories, all distributed amongst the federal Circuits. The District Courts are the trial courts that serve as the point of entry to the federal judiciary. District Court decisions are not binding on other courts.One Special Subject Matter CourtThere is one US Court of International Trade in New York City that functions as a trial court at the same level as the US District Courts. The USCIT has subject matter jurisdiction over customs cases and other matters related to international trade disputes.Attempt at Hierarchy Diagram1 US Supreme Court/|\13 US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts/|\94 US District Courts and 1 US Court of International Trade
Are the state courts set up and operated similar to the Federal courts?
no
Power of the federal government to set up federal courts?
Expressed Powers
Who has the authority to set up federal courts?
Congress
Are there courts controlled by the US Supreme Court?
Not directly. The US Supreme Court is the highest federal appellate court in the United States. Lower courts are supposed to follow precedents set by the Court's decisions, but the Supreme Court doesn't exercise operational control over the lower courts.
Civil litigators in federal courts are governed by what set of rules?
The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
Who has the authority to set up courts?
Congress has the authority to establish federal courts; state legislative bodies establish state courts.
What powers does congress have over the federal courts?
Congress has power over the courts because it makes the laws which it must use to try a case. If the court finds the law unconstitutional, they can overturn it.
Is court precedent mandatory or persuasive?
That depends on which court you're referring to. In the federal court system, the US Supreme Court sets binding (or mandatory) precedent for all lower courts; the US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts set binding precedent for all US District Courts within their jurisdiction, but only persuasive precedent elsewhere; the US District Courts do not set binding precedent at all, they only set persuasive precedent.
What did congress pass to set up the number pf federal courts and their locations?
no
What can Congress set up and organize below the Supreme Court?
Federal Courts-Nova net- :)
Who has the power to set up federal courts?
The Constitution assigns that power to Congress under Articles I and III.
What of the following is not included in the authority given to the president?
Veto or approve legislation
