Congress
Congress has the authority to establish federal courts; state legislative bodies establish state courts.
The authority to set up a system of federal courts was granted to Congress by the U.S. Constitution. Article III of the Constitution establishes the judicial branch and allows Congress to create inferior courts under the Supreme Court. This provision enables Congress to determine the structure and jurisdiction of the federal court system.
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Expressed Powers
the constitution
Article III of the US Constitution mandated that Congress establish a Supreme Court and gave it authority to create any other federal courts it deemed necessary. This was accomplished with the Judiciary Act of 1789.
Federal Courts-Nova net- :)
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The Constitution assigns that power to Congress under Articles I and III.
Congress (Legislative Branch) is vested with the authority to establish "inferior courts" and to organize the federal court system under Articles I and III of the Constitution.
The Federal Judicial branch is made up of many different courts, including the Supreme Court, special courts, and lower courts.
The United States has a dual court system that consists of federal courts and state courts because the federal government and state governments are separate entities. Federal courts generally handle matters related to federal laws, US treaties and the US Constitution. Each state is governed by federal laws, but also has an independent government with its own constitution, laws and local ordinances, and the right to enforce them. The state court system processes cases that arise under their jurisdiction (authority) and ensures defendants and litigants receive due process under the state statutes and constitution, as well as under the US Constitution. The federal courts don't have a right to hear these cases unless they also involve federal or US constitutional law.