Three changes are probably global temperature change(Ice Age,NOW), and...nothing else. This is most likely the only environmental change that affects evolution.
Divergent
Divergent Boundary
Tectonic plates that move apart are most likely located along divergent boundaries, where new crust is formed as magma rises from the mantle and solidifies. Examples of divergent boundaries include mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys.
Evolution works by tinkering with what is already there. It is far more likely that an advantageous change to an existing structure can occur than a gross change providing an advantage. An example would be the transition from fishes to amphibia. Small incremental modifications to fins to provide some of the functionality of walking limbs are far more likely to occur than limbs suddenly sprouting from a body where there was nothing there before, which would be nigh-on impossible.
The latter isn't primitive. Most likely it means 'non trivial', 'adaptive' or 'sophisticated'.
Oligopoly
The garbage bin
At a divergent boundary, the most likely geologic event to occur is the separation of tectonic plates, leading to the creation of new crust through volcanic activity and earthquakes. This process is known as seafloor spreading, where magma rises to the surface, cools, and solidifies to form new oceanic crust.
The term 'modern theory of evolution' most likely refers to the 'modern synthesis', which combines Darwin's classical model with modern genetics.
It is very likely that the next step in human evolution will look just like it does now. It will not be for a long time.
Analogous structures are evidence of convergent evolution, where unrelated species evolve similar traits independently in response to similar environmental pressures. This supports the idea that evolution can lead to similar solutions to maximize survival and reproductive success in different lineages.