When you sort data, it is still all there, it is just divided
into sections... for instance, if it were a list of names, then you
might have it sorted alphabetically, so the As would be first and
the Zs last.
When you filter data, you apply a filter so that you can only
see part of the data. So, in the same example of a list of names,
you might filter out all the girl names and only see the boy
names.
Filtering and sorting can also work together. In a list of names
you might filter to only see names that begin with the letter Z,
but you could also sort that particular group so that it was
alphabetical... Zack before Zenna, for instance.