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☆☆☆☆☆the study of the movement of energy and heat.
or
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics concerned with the conversion of different energy forms.
•DeltaG (rxn) = DeltaG (pdts) - DeltaDG (rcts) •DeltaG°(rxn) = -R T ln K •
A semiconductor is a solid whose electrical conductivity is in between that of a conductor and that of an insulator, and can be controlled over a wide range, either permanently or dynamically.
Semiconductor materials can be elements (e.g. germanium, silicon), compounds (e.g. copper oxide, lead sulfide), or metal alloys (e.g. gallium arsenide, gallium aluminum indium phosphide).
A pure semiconductor material is a very poor conductor or even an insulator, but when impurities called dopants are added it can become a quite good conductor. There are two classes of dopants: N type and P type. N type dopants create negatively charged current carriers (i.e. free electrons) in the semiconductor, just like ordinary conductors use. P type dopants create positively charged current carriers (i.e. holes) in the semiconductor. (Note: dopants do no make the semiconductor material electrically charged.) Because semiconductors have two different types of current carrier (not just the one that ordinary conductors have), it is possible to create junctions between differently doped parts of semiconductor material that conduct in one direction but not the other, or due to quantum mechanical effects do other useful things.
Semiconductor is a material that has the electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. Silicon, germanium and graphite are some examples of semiconductors.
Source : Physics and Radio-Electronics ( website)
it is a solid material that has conductivity somewhere between a metal and that of a good insulator, due to addition of some impurity or due to temperature. Most electronic components are semiconductors.
Alloys are useful (if this is what the question is getting at) because mixing elements of the periodic table alters their colligative properties.
i.e. mixing two metals could change substance's melting point, allowing it to more easily resist high temperatures. Also, mixing metals can change the way they bind together, and create an altogether stronger material than you can find using any single metal alone.They can improve a metal's properties
melting
The boiling point of any given material is indeed among its physical properties.
Vibrations in molecules
Temperature and Pressure
Ionic bonds
Its polar end mixes with the water so it can be washed away. ~APEX
An alpha particle being emitted would result in a transmutation.
hydrogen bonding
a diagram showing the effects of temperature and pressure on phase
Dirt is a heterogeneous mixture.
Increasing the temperature of gas the volume increase.
