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Genetics

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Hugh Luettgen

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What is a chromosome

A chromosome is a threadlike strand of DNA in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order. It is also known as tightly wound DNA. It is a structure that DNA wraps around.

MORE INFORMATION:

A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein that is found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions.

Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. The DNA molecule may be circular or linear, and can be composed of 10,000 to 1,000,000,000 nucleotides in a long chain.

Cells may contain more than one type of chromosome; for example, mitochondria in most eukaryotes and chloroplasts in plants have their own small chromosomes.

Chromosomes are the essential unit for cellular division and must be replicated, divided, and passed successfully to their daughter cells so as to ensure the genetic diversity and survival of their progeny.

Chromosomal recombination plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may aberrantly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.

In practice "chromosome" is a rather loosely defined term. In prokaryotes and viruses, the term genophore is more appropriate when no chromatin is present. However, a large body of work uses the term chromosome regardless of chromatin content. The simplest genophores are found in viruses: these DNA or RNA molecules are short linear or circular genophores that often lack structural proteins.

Chromosomal DNA encodes most or all of an organism's genetic information; some species also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal genetic elements.
Structure in nucleus made of DNA and protein. Sections of a chromosomes are genes.
structure in a cell's nucleuse thaat contians genetic material
A chromeosome is organized structure of DNA and protein that is found in cells.
coiled strands of genetic material
coiled strands of genetic material

What is an allele

a form of a gene apex

What must happen before meiosis can begin

DNA doubles and produces sister chromatids before meiosis begins.

the chromosomes must replicate

Is color blindness a dominant or a recessive trait

Color blindness is a recessive sex linked trait.

If an organism has five pairs of chromosomes how many different gametes could it produce without crossing over

Ill tell you when your older

In Mendel's experiment why did wrinkled seeds show up in the F2 generation even though they were not present in the F1 generation

Wrinkled seeds are recessive

The F1generation carried recessive alleles.

How are meiosis and mitosis different

mitosis only has to do with celluar reproduction

meiosis has to do with sex cells reproducing
Mitosis creates new cells that are used for development, repair, asexual reproduction and growth. Meiosis creates cells in order for organisms to reproduce sexually.

Why deos A mother has one allele for dimples and one allele for no dimples What is the probability that she produces a gamete with the allele for dimples

Answer is 50% :: Apex

Which best describes probability

the likelihood that something will happen

What was the ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes in the F2 generation of Mendel's experiments

(Apex Learning) 3:1.

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