Crusades

To make Jerusalem a Christian city To drive Muslims out of Jerusalem.

To retake the Holy Land

• An increase in trade
• An increase in the power of popes
• A weakening of the Byzantine Empire

they returned Europe to a time of chaos

They rolled back the advances of Charlemagne.

They helped cause the rise of feudalism.

Safavids were Shiite, and Ottomans were Sunni.
Ottomans were Sunni, and Safavids were not

Crusaders brought back information from Muslims to Europe Crusaders brought ancient texts from Muslim libraries to Europe Crusaders brought back ancient texts to Europe.

Decayed

Barbaric

Unorganized

The most direct result of excess crop production was reduced food prices.

Kiev

Russian

Recapturing lost Roman lands

Some elements that defined Ottoman art include:

Lack of human figures

Elaborate designs

Constantinople was located on major trade routes.

The purpose of Mendel's dihybrid cross experiment was to find out if one trait can affect the inheritance of other traits.

Conquering Jerusalem.

Apex.

The Mediterranean.

Apex.

Muslims

Investment.

Apex.