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☆☆☆☆☆Evolution began 3 billion years ago, when the first life forms appeared on Earth.
The ideas of descent with modification are based on fossils and the modern organisms he found basically says that genetic changes are inherited by later generations.
Homozygotes for one allele are favored over all others.
The earth is not a closed system. The sun constantly provides more energy.
the same genetic code produces those enzymes.
People from the Arctic carry more fat because extra fat is an adaptation to cold environments.
a systems ecologist
directonal
SELECTION
Disruptive
Birds are thought to be direct descendents of reptiles
Genetic exchanges among bacteria occur by several mechanisms. In transformation, the recipient bacterium takes up extracellular donor DNA. In transduction, donor DNA packaged in a bacteriophage infects the recipient bacterium. In conjugation, the donor bacterium transfers DNA to the recipient by mating.
