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☆☆☆☆☆To store genetic information and transmit/express information
DNA is a nucleic acid made of many small units called nucleotides which has three parts. A phosphate group, a ring shaped sugar called deoxyribose, and nitrogen bases.
The structure of DNA relates to its function greatly as the covalent bonds form the backbone of the DNA and provide the overall structure while the weak hydrogen bonds allow the DNA to unzip when needed to undergo replication.
A Gene is a piece of DNA that provides a set of instructions to a cell to make a certain protein(Textbook def)
Genes are segments of the DNA molecule that give instructions for making proteins that help our body function. They are also found in our genetic code.(Notes explanation.DNA replicates so that it can make an exact copy of the DNA molecule.
The process of DNA replication is to mainly make an exact copy of DNA by unzipping the DNA molecule with a Helicase and breaking the bonds. Once broken the existing strand serves as a template for a new strand for free floating nucleotides that DNA polymerase adds one by one to the DNA templates. DNA Polymerase then falls away and the process results in the formation of two identical double stranded models.
Cells divide so that an individual can undergo Injury repair, make reproductive cells, and be able to grow so that the individual can also grow.
interphase is when the cell grows and carries out its normal functions
Prophase DNA and proteins condense into tightly coiled chromosomes while the INuclear envelope breaks down and centrioles begin to move to opposite poles while spindle fibers form
Metaphase- spindle fibers attach to each chromosome they align the chromosomes along the middle of the cell (cell equator)
Anaphase- Chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell
Telophase- The nuclear membranes start to form the Chromosomes that were seperated start to uncoil and spindle fibers fall apart
Cytokinesis- is the last stage and divides the cytoplasm between the two daughter cells with a genetically identical nucleus and start to enter interphase to begin the process once again.
Cancer cells differ from normal cells structurally as they look majorly clumped with unusual patterns or formations. Cancer cells differ in cell activity compared to normal cells greatly as they are constantly growing and dividing while normal cells do not and stop growing and dividing when touching another cell.
interphase before everything happens as the cell is doing its normal routine
Prophase first stage
Metaphase 2nd phase
Anaphase 3rd phase
telophase 4th phase
cytokenesis 5th or last phase
