Genetics

Both use oxygen and produce carbon dioxide

morphology and biochemistry

Sympatric Speciation

Biological Species Concept, which defines species as groups of interbreeding populations that are reproductively isolated from other groups.

The process of adding foreign DNA to a bacterial cell is called Bacterial Transformation. It is a technique used very frequently in molecular biology labs.Ê

Just off Iceland in 1963, a brand new island formed, Surtsey, and the arrival of new life on this volcanic land has been well documented.

On the more general front, when a new population arrives on a land, then the main source of genetic information is restricted to those few individuals.

So the arrival of new varieties or the development of a new species is a normal circumstance.

Had those same individuals arrived on a land where many of their species already existed, then their diversity, if any, would be swamped by the existing population.

Indeed, if the new arrivals were different from the existing population, then they may well be shunned or isolated.

Once these populations adapt to the environment, however, speciation rapidly occurs.

biogeography

global cooling 2.8 million years ago resulted in dry grasslands replacing wet forests in parts of Africa.

many new species often appear at the same time

Traits are passed from parents to offspring through genes.

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How did the separation of Earth's continents affect biological evolution?

macroevolution