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An "extreme emotional distress" defense relies on the theory that the defendant was so overwrought with emotion at the time he committed the crime in question that they were effectively unaware of what they were doing... And thus should not be held responsible, on the theory that they are unlikely to repeat the crime.

An example might be a case where someone caught their spouse 'cheating' on them, or a case where one person suffered prolonged and substantial abuse at the hands of another.

"Emotional distress" can also be cited as an injurious cause in a civil suit, to justify the award of damages.

The example above where one person abuses or terrorizes another person would be an example.

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