They can be either or depending on the trait.
A trait is sex-linked dominant if it appears in every generation and affects both males and females. It is sex-linked recessive if it skips generations, more common in males, and passed from carrier females to affected males. Mendelian inheritance patterns can help determine if a trait is sex-linked dominant or sex-linked recessive.
Some are dominant ... some of the most noteworthy negative ones: color blindness, hemophilia are recessive.
Sex-linked and Recessive
It is a sex-linked recessive trait inherited from the mother.
Females express a sex-linked recessive trait when they have two copies of the recessive allele, one on each of their X chromosomes. Since females have two X chromosomes (XX), they must inherit the recessive allele from both parents to exhibit the trait. If they have only one copy of the recessive allele and the other X carries a dominant allele, the dominant trait will be expressed instead. Examples of sex-linked recessive traits include hemophilia and color blindness.
Males typically have a higher frequency of sex-linked traits because they have only one X chromosome, making recessive sex-linked traits more likely to be expressed. Females have two X chromosomes and can be carriers of recessive sex-linked traits without showing the phenotype.
A female with a heterozygous sex-linked trait typically has one dominant allele and one recessive allele for that trait. Since sex-linked traits are often associated with the X chromosome, the allele combination would be represented as XᴴXʰ, where Xᴴ is the X chromosome carrying the dominant allele and Xʰ is the X chromosome carrying the recessive allele. This combination indicates that the female expresses the dominant trait but is a carrier of the recessive trait.
I think I read somewhere that there are some variants of it that are recessive and others that are dominant.
X-linked are not recessive nor dominant. X-linked just do not show. On the sex-linked chromosomes the Y chromosome of the X-Y pair dominates the trait whether its recessive or dominant!Actually, all x-linked alleles are expressed because males only have one x-chromosome, so whatever is there, dominant or recessive, is expressed.
A dominant gene will be expressed over a recessive gene when both are present in an individual. This means that the trait determined by the dominant gene will be expressed in the individual's phenotype.
The three kinds of sex-related inheritance are: Sex-linked inheritance: Traits are associated with genes located on sex chromosomes, such as X-linked or Y-linked traits, often affecting males and females differently. Sex-limited inheritance: Traits that are expressed only in one sex, despite being present in both, often influenced by hormonal differences. Sex-influenced inheritance: Traits that can be expressed in both sexes but have different expression patterns; for example, a trait may be dominant in one sex and recessive in the other.
Celiac disease is not a trait that is determined by typical genetic inheritance patterns like recessive, dominant, or sex-linked traits. It is an autoimmune condition triggered by the consumption of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals.