No.
No, it is not.
Active duty applies to a person who is in the Air force full time, it can also apply to a reservist who is performing active duty to meet his or her yearly obligation. Inactive duty usually applies to a member of the inactive reserve. They are not in a drill status, but could still be recalled to active duty.
Most National Guard officers are on reserve duty status.
no
If you are on AGR status (active duty) then yes but as an M-day airman, no.
True
It is called an M-day soldier. Active duty is called an AGR. M-day is part time status.
Usually, it means that a ship has been stricken (removed) from active duty status.
Your status under the GI Bill, any of the incarnations of it, are dependent solely upon you, your time in service, and your status as relates to school.
Yes. The day a service member swears in and leaves home for basic training they are placed on active duty status and remain there regardless of their actual job until graduation. Upon graduation they may be returned to reserve status if that is the type of unit they serve with. Same goes for National Guard.
I've got two of them. It's the Certificate of Release or Discharge From Active Duty. For someone on active duty who doesn't reenlist, this is given to them upon ETS. For members of the National Guard and Reserve components who undergo a period of federal activation (other than training), their status changes from National Guard, Reserve, IRR, et. al. to active duty during that time, and they receive a DD214 upon their release from active duty and back into their Guard/Reserve/IRR status. It'll give a characterization of their service, awards, duty stations and deployments, and reentry eligibility.
As often as needed. That will be determined by your military occupation and status of the unit you're assigned to.