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Myelomeningocele, a form of spina bifida, is a congenital condition caused by incomplete closure of the neural tube during fetal development, leading to spinal cord and nerve damage. This condition primarily affects motor functioning below the level of the spinal lesion, often resulting in varying degrees of paralysis and mobility challenges, but communication abilities are typically intact. In contrast, cerebral palsy (CP) is caused by brain injury or abnormal brain development, often occurring during prenatal or perinatal periods, and it can impact motor functioning and communication depending on the type and severity of the brain injury. While both conditions can affect motor skills, CP can also lead to speech and communication difficulties, depending on the areas of the brain affected.

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