Assuming the damage did not involve an infection, the medulla. The medulla controls autonomic functions like respiration and blood pressure, which you do not consciously control. As these functions are vital to staying alive, losing function of the medulla would most likely cause death.
Damage to the optic chiasm could cause full or partial blindness, depending on the location of the damage. Damage to the temporal cortex could result in impairments in object perception as well as memory. Damage to the prefrontal cortex could result in impairments of executive functions, some examples of which include working memory (holding an item, like a phone number, in mind), decision making, and problem solving.
The hypothalamus is inferior to the thalamus. It is posterior(in back) of the optic chiasm beside the temporal lobes and optic tracts.
The optic Chiasm is located where the optic nerves partially cross on the brain
Alt. of Chiasma
Optic Chiasma
The two optic nerves reach the diencephalon at the optic chiasm, a structure located at the base of the brain where the nerves partially cross over each other. From the optic chiasm, the optic nerves continue on to the thalamus within the diencephalon.
If the optic chiasm is cut, it can result in visual field defects such as loss of peripheral vision on the outer sides of both eyes, known as bitemporal hemianopia. This occurs because the crossing of optic nerve fibers at the chiasm is disrupted, affecting information from both eyes.
The optic chiasm
The three visible parts of the brain while looking at a non-dissected Ventral view are the Cerebral Cortex, the Pons and the Medulla.
At the optic chiasm, located at the base of the brain, the optic nerves from each eye partially cross over. This crossover allows visual information from the right visual field of each eye to be processed by the left side of the brain and vice versa. This arrangement enables the brain to integrate visual input from both eyes for a comprehensive visual perception.
Optic chiasm is located around the pituitary gland.
The anterior visual pathway refers to the pathway that visual information takes from the eyes to the visual cortex in the brain. It includes the optic nerves, optic chiasm, optic tracts, and lateral geniculate nucleus. This pathway is responsible for transmitting visual signals from the retina to the brain for processing and interpretation.
Optic chiasm literally means "crossing of the optic nerves." It is the point in the brain where optic nerve fibers from each eye partially cross over to the opposite side of the brain, allowing visual information to be processed.