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When curvature is severe and located in the thoracic and cervical regions, scoliosis can impinge on the space that houses the heart and lungs. In severe cases, lung or heart capacity can be compromised, causing shortness of breath or heart problems, thereby necessitating more aggressive treatment. When scoliosis deforms the ribs, this can cause similar problems. In very severe cases, patients with diminished lung capacity must use supplemental oxygen.

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