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Allergies can show themselves through various skin reactions. The main reactions are rashes (small bumps or larger red patches), hives (also called urticaria; itchy, red raised patches on the skin), or eczema (also called atopic dermatitis; an itchy, weeping rash). These symptoms can have various causes. Most often it is allergies, but some people get hives from heat, cold or sun exposure. Contact allergies/dermatitis is defined as a skin rash caused by direct contact with a substance to which the skin is sensitive. Symptoms include a red rash, swelling, and itching. In more severe cases, blisters can form. Many substances can cause allergic contact dermatitis: poison ivy and other plants (such as tomato plants), wool, perfumes and dyes (in soaps, detergents, lotions, etc.), metals (in jewelry, hair clips, etc.), locally applied medicinal ointments such as antibiotic creams, and latex (often used in latex gloves). These can occur at any age and can appear at any time. It can take years for a sensitivity to a particular substance to develop, so "I've used this for years" isn't a reason to exclude anything from the possible allergen list. Symptoms may appear as soon as 7 to 10 days from first contact. Once a sensitivity develops, however, the reaction can occur in 24-48 hours. Treatment of contact dermatitis generally consists of avoiding the allergen. To determine whether or not something is the cause, patch tests (a small amount of the substance applied to the skin, then covered and left for 24 hours) can often show whether or not that substance causes the reaction. Other allergies can cause rashes, too. Some find that citrus fruits cause small raised bumps when ingested. Eczema is often caused by a food allergy, though there may be other causes. Cow's milk is a particularly common allergen for those with eczema. Avoiding allergens provides long-term relief, while short-term relief can be had by using moisturizers on the skin and taking antihistamines. Some find that using all cotton clothing and bedding makes a difference. Hives can be caused by a number of factors, not just allergies. Hives occur suddenly and may end suddenly, though there are chronic cases where hives are present for a month or more. Other causes of hives are sun exposure, heat and cold. Again, avoidance is the primary treatment.

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