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Do you have to have travel vaccinations to travel to Jamaica?

You should be up to date on routine vaccinations, like MMR and flu. Special vaccinations that you should get our hepatitis A and typhoid. Some people need hepatitis B or rabies. Consult your doctor for more information.


What makes a woman have a period for five months non stop?

Non stop period for such a long time is the indication of serious problem.Needs doctors advice.


No HIV antibodies and no HIV means same in HIV screening immunology test?

No, your body takes a certain amount of time to produce antibodies to counter act a pathogen. Therefore you can have HIV but not have antibodies. This difference in time is called the 'Window Period' which averages 28 days, but can be as long as 3 months.


Can a girl get pregnant not having her period in two months?

A girl won't get pregnant from not having her period; she may get pregnant from having sexual intercourse. However, the lack of the period may be an indication of pregnancy (but not the cause).


What will you see when you get a period?

You can start having pains, which could indicate but not all the time. But the main indication is where you bleed obviously.


Can animals have vaccines?

As a veterinarian and an immunologist, I can answer your question as it pertains to animals. I cannot comment on the plant side of things. In relation to animals, vaccinations are essential tools to protect them from many deadly diseases. A vaccination is actually a killed or weakened form of the disease organism (so it cannot cause the actual disease), with some other elements to stimulate an immune response (called adjuvants). The disease organism (either in the killed or weakened form) is termed the antigen and it stimulates antibody production by the body specific for the antigen(s) that was given in the vaccination. This antibody production is protective for the animal and is termed an immune response as it will protect it from developing the disease. There is a lag time until the antibodies are protective, but when levels are adequate, if the animal is exposed to the disease it is protected against, the body mounts a large antibody response, destroys the disease organism, which is the immunity conferred by the vaccination. There is a variable amount of time as to how long the antibodies persist, and thus how long the immunity lasts from a vaccination. There is a discussion ongoing in the veterinary community as to how long this protection lasts and how often to vaccinate. In the past, it was automatic to vaccinate pets against rabies and distemper with yearly boosters. However, it is being demonstrated that the antibodies do persist longer and current recommendations by the American Animal Hospital Association are to vaccinate every three years for rabies and distemper. However, it is up to the discretion of each veterinarian as to how often the vaccinations should be administered. Puppies and kittens are given a series of vaccinations from between eight and sixteen weeks to boost their immunity as this is a susceptible period when the antibodies passed to them through the colostrum (the first milk they receive when nursing and rich in antibodies) begin to wane and disappear. Thus they need the protection of a series of vaccinations every four weeks during that period to adequately protect them, as their immune system is still developing. Vaccinations typically given to dogs are to protect them against rabies, distemper, parvovirus, parainfluenza, adenovirus, leptospirosis, Lyme disease, bordetella (kennel cough), but there are others. The vaccinations to be given depend upon the lifestyle the pet leads and the risk of exposure to these organisms, which should be discussed with your veterinarian. Cats are typically vaccinated against rabies. feline distemper, various respiratory viruses, and outdoor cats should receive feline leukemia as well. But once again it is at the discretion of your veterinarian. Poultry are routinely vaccinated as well as racing pigeons. A few veterinarians vaccinate pet birds, but it is not typically done, due to the low risk of exposure. Polyomavirus vaccinations in very young parrots (before they are feathered) can be life saving in an aviary setting where there is the potential for exposure to polyomavirus. In large animals, such as horses, cows, pigs, etc. vaccinations are essential in their protection as well. From this discussion, you can hopefully determine that animals can be protected against deadly diseases through vaccinations. Without vaccinations there would be much more disease and deaths in these animals, which is preventable through the judicious use of proper vaccinations.


Different cramping during 1 week late periods?

Different cramping during your period isn't a indication of pregnancy hun. If you miss your period then perform a pregnancy test.


What would it indicate if you have symptoms such as sore breasts and more discharge than usual and sharp painful cramps?

This is possibly a indication of pregnancy. Do a pregnancy test. It may also be a indication of a approaching period and sometimes even ovulation.


Is spotting also your period?

You sometimes start spotting right before the period actually starts, so I don't think it is really your period, only an indication that your period is about to start. Also, if your periods are very irregular, you may only have spotting some months.


How could a 15 year old know if she is pregnant?

Delayed period would be an indication, an OTC pregnancy test would be proof.


What are the implications of changing from a biweekly to a bimonthly pay period?

You will get paid a little more on each pay period. As far as your tax withholding, the different pay frequency will not make much difference overall.


Who examines the cost implications of a proposed bill?

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) examines the cost implications of a proposed bill. The CBO then shows how the bill will affect revenues or spending over a 5-10 year period if the bill is passed.