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The surfactant doesn't allow the sides of the alveoli form sticking together. Infants that are born very early don't make surfactant and so have many problems.

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How are septal cells involved in keeping alveoli from collapsing?

They produce surfactant, a substance that reduces surface tension. Alveoli are very small, only 80 nanometers wide, and are flat. Therefore they have a tendency to curl up. The surfactant reduces this tendency, hence keeps the alveoli from collapsing.


What do septal cells do?

Septal cells, also known as Clara cells, are found in the respiratory bronchioles of the lungs. They produce surfactant, a fluid that helps reduce surface tension in the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs, preventing them from collapsing. Septal cells also play a role in protecting the airways from foreign particles and toxins.


What is special about the cells in lung tissue that keeps them from filling up with water and mucus?

The cells in lung tissue, particularly the alveolar epithelial cells, are specialized to prevent water and mucus accumulation through the presence of tight junctions and surfactant production. Tight junctions create a barrier that regulates fluid movement, while pulmonary surfactant, produced by type II alveolar cells, reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing collapse and keeping them clear of excess fluid and mucus. This combination of structural and functional adaptations is crucial for maintaining proper gas exchange and lung function.


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