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All proteins are by the Cell Theory of Life dead - they do not react to external stimulus, are not a full cell and do not reproduce independently. However, a protein can cause other proteins to fold a certain way, which is what happens in BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy, mad cow disease). The infectious protein (called a prion) gets into the brain of a cow and starts to cause the other proteins in the brain to fold up in a different way. These misfolded proteins do not work in the cell and can't be broken down, so they accumulate in the cell until the neuron dies. Once the animal dies from massive neuron death, the misfolded protein must be ingested (eaten) by another cow to continue the cycle.

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