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Helper T cells (CD4+ T cells) play a crucial role in the immune response by activating B cells and other immune cells. When they recognize an antigen presented by antigen-presenting cells, they release cytokines that stimulate B cells to proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells. These plasma cells then produce antibodies specific to the antigen, which neutralize or mark the pathogen for destruction. Together, helper T cells and B cells coordinate an effective immune response to eliminate the antigen from the body.
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How do killer cells work?
Killer t cells are activated by helper t cells. The Helper t cells are alerted by the macrophage that has engulfed the virus. It grows antigens to alert the helper t cells. The killer t cells are like white blood cells, there purpose is to fight pathogens.
How does a B cell tell the difference between an invader cell and a body cell?
Antigens work as bar-codes to help the immune system differentiate between body cells and pathogens. Normally the body will not attack its own cells, but is programmed to attack those with foreign antigens.
How a T cell and B cell work together to produce antibodies?
T cells will first have to be activated by peptide presentation on MHC class II and differentiate into T helper 2 cell and T helper 2 cell will secrete cytokines IL-4, IL-5 to help B cell differentiate into a plasma cell.
What kind of cells activate immune system and foreign substances appear?
Immune system activation primarily involves dendritic cells and macrophages, which are types of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). These cells capture and process foreign substances, such as pathogens, and present their antigens to T cells. This interaction activates T cells, which then help coordinate the immune response by signaling other immune cells, including B cells that produce antibodies. Together, these cells work to identify and eliminate foreign invaders.
How do macrophages granulocytes and lymphocytes locate recognize and eliminate pathogens?
Macrophages, granulocytes, and lymphocytes are key components of the immune system that work together to locate, recognize, and eliminate pathogens. Macrophages and granulocytes use pattern recognition receptors to identify common features on pathogens, such as lipopolysaccharides or peptidoglycan, facilitating their engulfment and destruction through phagocytosis. Lymphocytes, particularly T cells and B cells, recognize specific antigens presented by infected cells or pathogens, leading to targeted immune responses: T cells can directly kill infected cells, while B cells produce antibodies that neutralize pathogens or mark them for destruction. Together, these immune cells coordinate a robust response to eliminate infections.
What steps happen when a lymphocyte recognizes a pathogen?
When a lymphocyte recognizes a pathogen, it first binds to specific antigens on the pathogen's surface through its unique receptors. This recognition activates the lymphocyte, leading to its proliferation and differentiation into effector cells, such as cytotoxic T cells or antibody-secreting B cells. These effector cells work to eliminate the pathogen, either by directly killing infected cells or by producing antibodies that neutralize the pathogen. Additionally, memory cells are formed to provide long-term immunity against future infections by the same pathogen.
What do antibodies work against?
Antigens
What organelles contain helper t cells?
Helper T cells, a type of immune cell, contain various organelles essential for their function. Key organelles include the nucleus, which houses genetic material and regulates cell activity; mitochondria, which provide energy; and the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, which are involved in protein synthesis and processing. Additionally, lysosomes may be present to help with the degradation of cellular waste. These organelles work together to support the immune response and the overall function of helper T cells.
What are The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity?
White blood cells, more specifically B-lymphocytes.
Where did Bernoulli work?
bernoulli was an amazing helper
How does white blood cells fight cells help us fight diseases?
Chuck Norris round house kicks them. Can you stanky legg?
Why must blood be matched before blood tranfusion?
Mixing blood from two individuals can lead to blood clumping or agglutination. The clumped red cells can crack and cause toxic reactions. This can have fatal consequences. The differences in human blood are due to the presence or absence of certain protein molecules called antigens and antibodies. The transfusion will work if a person who is going to receive blood has a blood group that doesn't have any antibodies against the donor blood's antigens. But if a person who is going to receive blood has antibodies matching the donor blood's antigens, the red blood cells in the donated blood will clump.
