Opinion only: A Nicardipine intravenous bolus dosing can be used for acutely decreasing arterial blood pressure during general anesthesiafor Cardiac operations; however, has no effects on ventricular preload or cardiac output. If you would like further information on this topic, I have added a web link to the American Heart Association that is displayed directly below this window.
Maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood
It will increase blood pressure by increasing volume. This will have a negate chromotropic effect and decrease HR.
A fluid bolus is typically administered before an epidural to ensure adequate hydration and maintain blood pressure, especially in laboring patients. This is particularly important because epidurals can cause vasodilation and hypotension. A common practice is to give a bolus of 500-1000 mL of isotonic fluid prior to the epidural placement to minimize the risk of maternal hypotension. After the fluid bolus, the epidural can be safely administered.
Blood vessels constrict to increase venous return and maintain pressure. Heart rate increases to compensate for loss of blood pressure and to maintain cardiac output.
The component of plasma that maintains the osmotic pressure of blood is protein. The protein albumin and others maintain osmotic pressure in blood.
The human heart could compensate for flow rate changes to maintain blood pressure by setting the pace at which it beats and maintains blood flow. When a heart rate increases, blood pressure will rise, and when a heart rate decreases, blood pressure will drop.
Maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood.
magnesium
carefully
They constrict in order to try and maintain blood pressure.
Arteries!
to maintain blood flow and pressure