The major difference between the two is the amount of cytoplasm. The polar bodies have a lot less cytoplasm than an ovum has.
An ootid is a haploid cell produced during oogenesis that eventually matures into an ovum, or egg cell. A polar body, on the other hand, is a smaller haploid cell that is produced during oogenesis but does not develop into an egg cell and eventually disintegrates.
A primary oocyte divides into a secondary oocyte and a polar body during meiosis I. The secondary oocyte undergoes meiosis II to produce a mature ovum (egg) and another polar body.
The nucleus of an ovum does not divide in the same way as in typical somatic cells. Instead, during oogenesis, the ovum undergoes meiosis, where it completes the first meiotic division to form a secondary oocyte and a polar body. The secondary oocyte then arrests in metaphase II until fertilization occurs, after which it completes meiosis, resulting in another polar body and the mature ovum. Thus, the division of the nucleus in an ovum is primarily associated with the process of meiosis, rather than conventional nuclear division.
The primary oocyte divides into a secondary oocyte and a polar body during meiosis I. The secondary oocyte then goes through meiosis II to produce a mature ovum (egg) and another polar body.
polar bodies
oogenesisMeiosis I and Meiosis IIPolar Body are porduced in the process of Egg or ovum (female Side).
The second polar body is expelled after fertilization as a result of the completion of meiosis in the oocyte. When a sperm fertilizes the egg, it triggers the final stages of meiosis, leading to the division of the oocyte into a mature ovum and the second polar body. This process ensures that the egg retains the correct haploid number of chromosomes while discarding the excess genetic material. The expulsion of the polar body is crucial for maintaining genetic balance in the resulting zygote.
ovum
When an ovum is initially formed by the normal process of cell division, it is diploid. In order to become a gamete that can engage in sexual reproduction, it needs to become haploid. In order to do that it has to rid itself of half of its genetic material, which it does by ejecting it in the form of a polar body. Note that it is not feasible for the ovum to simply become two ova, because that would give you half sized ova, and reproduction works better with a full sized ovum.
During oogenesis, one ovum is produced from each primary oocyte due to a process called asymmetric division. As a primary oocyte undergoes meiosis, it divides unevenly, resulting in one large secondary oocyte and a smaller polar body. The polar body typically degenerates, ensuring that the nutrients and cytoplasmic resources are concentrated in the single ovum, which is essential for potential fertilization and early embryonic development. This evolutionary strategy allows for the production of a high-quality egg while minimizing the number of viable gametes.
ovum
Generally, one viable ovum(egg) is produced, while the other three cells degenerate into 'polar bodies' and are recycled by the body.