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Doxorubicin kills cells primarily by intercalating into DNA, which disrupts the double helix structure and inhibits DNA replication and transcription. It also generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative damage to cellular components. Additionally, doxorubicin can interfere with topoisomerase II, an enzyme crucial for DNA unwinding during replication, leading to double-strand breaks. Collectively, these mechanisms result in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, particularly in rapidly dividing cancer cells.

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4mo ago

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