one second
There are actually 3 parts to a neuron. The dendrites are tree branch like projections that receive nerve impulses from another neuron, the cell body that contains the nucleus, and the axon, a long fiber that carries the nerve impulse away from the cell body to the next neuron.
An impulse leaves the neuron through the axon, which is a long projection that carries electrical signals away from the cell body to other neurons or cells.
From the axon terminal of another neuron, a bunch of chemicals (neurotransmitters) are released and travel across the synapse (junction of two neurons). If enough stimulate the second neuron, the total energy triggers another action potential. Short and simple explanation--message me if you want more info!
The axon is responsible for generating and transmitting a nerve impulse. It is a long, slender projection of the neuron that carries the electrical signal away from the cell body towards other neurons or muscles.
Dendrite toward the cell body, axon away from the cell body.
A signal moves through a neuron by traveling along the axon, which is a long, thin extension of the neuron. The signal is transmitted as an electrical impulse called an action potential. When the signal reaches the end of the axon, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters, which then carry the signal to the next neuron.
The speed of an impulse traveling through a medium is determined by the medium's properties. If the speed of the impulse is known, we can calculate the time it takes to travel a certain distance using the formula time = distance / speed. However, without knowing the speed of the impulse, we cannot accurately determine the time it will take to travel 10 meters.
A neuron sends a signal through an electrical impulse that travels down its long, slender body called an axon. When the impulse reaches the end of the axon, it triggers the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters then cross the small gap between the neurons or between a neuron and a muscle cell, allowing the signal to be passed on to the next cell.
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Neurons carry messages by converting a chemical signal into an electrical one, and vice versa. The dendrites of the neuron receive "messages" from chemicals that were released by another neuron. These chemicals are called "neurotransmitters". The neurotransmitter stimulates the neuron to depolarize. This means that the neuron's cell membrane becomes more permeable to sodium, and sodium moves into the cell. This causes the electrical charge of the cell to change, because sodium is positively charged. When it moves into the cell, the inside of the cell (or neuron) becomes less negatively charged and more neutral. At the same time, the area outside the cell becomes more negatively charged because of the positive sodium ions leaving that space. This rapid change in electrical charge is called "depolarization" and is essentially an electrical impulse. If the electrical charge is drastic enough (i.e., it meets the "threshold potential" by changing by at least 15 to 20 millivolts) the electrical signal carries all the way down the neuron into the axon. In the axon, a myelin sheath, or fatty covering, covers the neuron and essentially acts as insulation so that the electrical impulse can travel more quickly. Once the impulse reaches the axon terminal, it signals neurotransmitters to be released from that neuron and be interpreted by another neuron. Hence, the process starts all over again. I apologize for this answer being so long, there really is no way to answer this question briefly.
almost instantly
An ECG pattern the P-Q interval indicates how long it takes for the cardiac impulse to travel from the SA node through the AV node.