100 cm
you do not
the small intestine and large intestine.
If you mean, "can you live without your large intestine?" then yes, you can. One must wear a Colostomy bag to collect the waste that leaves the small intestine. The large intestine also plays a small role in reabsorbing water and ions, so one would have to make sure they are not getting dehydrated or experiencing symptoms of low ion concentrations. If you mean "with only small intestine -- no stomach, etc.", then no, you cannot.
The large intestine isn't that big comared to the small intestine. It is pretty much just a storage for fecal matter until you have a bowel movement. If it was smaller, that would mean you would be going much more often.
Small Intestine is where they are activated to put to use.
Need scale and purpose to answer.
You need: YOUR HEART, LUNGS, SMALL INTESTINE, LARGE INTESTINE, GULL BLADDER and SOME MORE!
No, the small intestine do not need an acidic environment in order to work. Acid works in stomach to partially digest the food. In the small intestines, fats are digested using bile from the gallbladder which is not acidic.
They have a small intestine because dogs are carnivores (they only eat meat). An animal with a large intestine digests fibre as well, which a dog does not eat, and therefore does not need a large intestine!
Cattle have a longer small intestine due to the need to break down plant materials including cellulose, which take longer and require much more steps for many herbivores than what it takes for a tiger to digest meat.
The small intestine absorbs nutrients from food into the body, while the large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from the remaining material, forming stool. Both are crucial for digestion, nutrient absorption, and waste elimination in the body.
Yes, humans can live without a small intestine. See the related question below for how this can be accomplished. Also see the discussion section of this question for an interesting account of how one person managed to do this and the complications experienced.