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When you inhale, you take air into your lungs. There are structures within your lung called alveoli that are directly connected to the pulmonary (that is, 'of the lung') artery and vein. In these alveoli, oxygen is transferred into the blood in the artery (arteries carry oxygenated blood while veins carry deoxygenated blood). Red blood cells contain haemoglobin (American spelling 'hemoglobin'), an iron-based protein that carries the oxygen. As the blood travels through the body, oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body in blood vessels called capillaries--extremely narrow vessels that branch off of the arteries (their tiny diameter assists in oxygen transfer)--in exchange for carbon dioxide. The capillaries then widen out again to become veins, and the blood--now carrying carbon dioxide--ultimately moves back to the lungs, where they are reloaded with oxygen and the carbon dioxide is released into the alveoli to be expunged from the body via exhalation.

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