In the immune response, helper T cells (specifically CD4+ T cells) play a crucial role in triggering the production of B cells and cytotoxic T cells (killer T cells). When activated by antigen-presenting cells, helper T cells release cytokines that stimulate B cells to produce antibodies and enhance the activation and proliferation of killer T cells. This coordinated response is essential for effectively targeting and eliminating pathogens.
supressor t cells
Natural killer (NK) cells are activated in the immune response through a process called "priming." This involves the recognition of infected or abnormal cells by NK cell receptors, which then trigger the release of cytotoxic molecules to destroy the target cells. Additionally, cytokines released by other immune cells can also stimulate NK cell activity.
One way to control the immune response is to use immunosuppressants that can block the production of antibodies in antibody immunity and inhibit the activation of killer T cells in cell-mediated immunity. These medications help regulate the immune system's response to prevent it from overreacting and causing damage to the body's own tissues. However, long-term use of immunosuppressants can increase the risk of infections and other complications.
Interferons are proteins that are synthesized by the immune cells in response to pathogens and tumor cells. They are cytokines. Functions: Cell-cell communication. Activate and trigger immune defenses, for example natural killer (NK) cells) and macrophages. "Interfere" with viral replication in host cells
The innate immune response is the body's first line of defense against pathogens and is non-specific, meaning it does not target specific pathogens. It includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as immune cells like macrophages and natural killer cells. The acquired immune response is more specialized and involves the activation of immune cells such as T and B lymphocytes that target specific pathogens based on memory from past exposures.
In the film "Outbreak," the killer virus Thrax causes Frank to experience a drastic increase in body temperature due to its highly infectious nature and its ability to trigger a severe immune response. As the virus spreads, it affects his body's thermoregulation, leading to a fever. This response is part of the body's attempt to fight off the infection, but it can also lead to dangerous complications.
The nonspecific immune response, also known as the innate immune response, includes physical barriers like the skin and mucous membranes, as well as cellular components such as phagocytes (e.g., macrophages and neutrophils) and natural killer (NK) cells. It also involves the activation of complement proteins and the release of cytokines, which help coordinate the immune response and promote inflammation. This response acts quickly and broadly against pathogens, providing the first line of defense before the adaptive immune system is activated.
Cytokines such as interferrons and interleukins are secreted by the T cell in response to antigen. These chemicals are also secreted by B cells, dendrictic cells and natural killer cells. These chemicals are signalling agents that modulate (or properly control) the immune response
Natural killer cells are activated by recognizing abnormal cells, such as infected or cancerous cells, through specific receptors on their surface. Once activated, they release toxic substances to destroy these target cells. Natural killer cells play a crucial role in the immune response by providing rapid and non-specific defense against infected or abnormal cells, helping to prevent the spread of pathogens and tumors in the body.
The Production Budget for Killer Elite was $70,000,000.
The Production Budget for The Killer Inside Me was $13,000,000.
True. Natural killer cells play a crucial role in immune surveillance by recognizing and eliminating cancerous cells, making them one of the body's important defenses against cancer. They can directly kill cancer cells and also produce cytokines to enhance the immune response against cancer.