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Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, three membranes that are layered around the brain and spinal cord to cushion, nurture and protect the delicate neurons. In order, from superficial to deep, they are the dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater.

Inflammation of the neurons of the brain would be called encephalitis. Inflammation of the meninges and inflammation of the neurons of the brain are often concurrent; this would be called meningoencephalitis.

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