vaccine
vaccine
You are giving the definition of a vaccine but not "what is the following to choose from"
Some pathogens produce toxins.
Toxins
Toxins.
Medical studies show that the anthrax vaccine was safe and effective, vaccines use a system of injecting dead or weakened pathogens of the virus it is curing, that way the individual's immune systems B cells learn how to produce antibodies for that disease.
Plants produce antimicrobial compounds and have physical barriers like cell walls to resist pathogens. Animals have immune systems that produce antibodies and cells that can recognize and eliminate pathogens through various mechanisms such as phagocytosis and inflammation.
Pathogens
No. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen around the body. Antibodies are produced by a type of white blood cell called a plasma cell.
Vaccine.
Introduction of altered antigens involves exposing the immune system to modified versions of antigens to trigger an immune response without causing disease. This approach can be used in vaccine development to stimulate immune memory and protection against specific pathogens or diseases. Altered antigens can include weakened or inactivated forms of pathogens, as well as genetically engineered antigens.
B cells are the cells that produce antibodies, which are proteins that can neutralize pathogens. Natural killer (NK) cells are a type of lymphocyte that can directly destroy infected cells and cancer cells.