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What are 4 steps in Griffith's experiments?
S Strain ---> inject into mice ---> Mice Die R Strain ---> inject into mice ---> Mice Live Griffith was able to kill bacteria by heating them. He observed that heat-killed S Strain bacteria injected into mice did not kill them. When he S Strain (heat Killed) ---> Injected into mice ---> Mice Live S Strain ( heat Killed) + R Strain (Live) ---> Injected into mice ---> Mice Die
What did Fred Griffith discover when he injected mice with a mixture of dead pathogenic S cells and living harmless r cells of Streptococcus pneumonia?
Fred Griffith discovered that the harmless R strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae could be transformed into the deadly S strain when mixed with heat-killed S strain bacteria. This experiment provided evidence for the concept of bacterial transformation, where genetic material can be transferred between different strains of bacteria.
What happens when heat-killed S-strain pneumococcus were injected into a mouse along with live R-strain pneumococcus?
A very important characteristic about bacteria actually created live S-strain to exist in the dead injected mouse. Bacteria is competent, in biological terms, meaning that cells can take up "naked" DNA from it's environment. Knowing that fact, when the heat-killed S-strain pneumoccus mixed with the live R-strain, the R-strain took in the DNA, therefore inheriting the deadly coating of the S-strain. So the R became S, and killed the mouse.
What are two ways that rough bacteria differ from smooth bacteria?
Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria is found in two types: a type III-S (smooth) and type II-R (rough) strain. The smooth strain covers itself with a polysaccharide capsule that protects it from the host's immune system, resulting in the death of the host, while the II-R strain doesn't have that protective capsule and is defeated by the host's immune system.The smooth type has a "coat" that prevents it from attacks from the host's immune system and it is very virulent.
How many phonemes in the word strain?
There are 6 phonemes in the word "strain": /s/ /t/ /r/ /ā/ /n/ /n/.
What was the variable in Oswald Avery's experiment?
The variable in Oswald Avery's experiment was the type of enzyme used to break down the polysaccharide capsule in the heat-killed S strain bacteria. By using different enzymes, Avery was able to determine which specific molecule was responsible for transforming the R strain bacteria into the pathogenic S strain.
How many phonemes innthe word strain?
The word "strain" has five phonemes: /s/ /t/ /r/ /ei/ /n/.
Why is an s strain of bacteria able to cause disease in mammals but a r strain is not?
An S strain of bacteria has a capsule that protects it from the host's immune system, allowing it to cause disease. In contrast, an R strain lacks this protective capsule, making it more vulnerable to the immune system and less able to cause disease.
What was the significance of Frederick Griffith's experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Frederick Griffith's experiments demonstrated the phenomenon of bacterial transformation, showing that genetic material can be transferred between bacteria. This discovery laid the foundation for understanding DNA as the genetic material and the mechanism of bacterial virulence. It also played a key role in the development of molecular biology.
What did fred griffith find to be true after his experiment with the S and R strains of bacteria?
Fred Griffith found that genetic information could be transferred between different strains of bacteria, specifically between the harmless R strain and the virulent S strain of bacteria. This led to the discovery of transformation, a process where genetic material is exchanged between bacteria.
What is the molecule that caused transformation in Griffith's mouse experiment?
The molecule that caused transformation in Griffith's mouse experiment was DNA. When heat-killed S strain bacteria (which had DNA) were mixed with live R strain bacteria (which did not), the DNA from the dead S strain bacteria was able to transfer genetic information to the live R strain bacteria, making them pathogenic.
What is the name of the process that was involved in changing griffith's r bacteria to s bacteria?
The process is called transformation, and it was the first direct evidence that genetic information could be transferred between bacteria. In Griffith's experiment, the heat-killed S strain released its genetic material, which was then taken up by the live R strain, converting it into the deadly S strain.
