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Why might gene therapy be performed?
Gene therapy may be performed to treat genetic disorders caused by mutations in a person's DNA. It can involve introducing a functional copy of the gene into the cells to restore normal function. Gene therapy holds the potential to provide long-term or permanent solutions to genetic diseases.
What information is coded by the structural gene of the operon?
The structural gene of an operon codes for a specific protein or enzyme. This gene contains the information needed to synthesize a functional protein that carries out a particular biological function.
What enzyme deficiency causes disease?
Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is a fatal condition caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hexosaminidase A (Hex-A).
What genetic abnormality causes phenylketonuria?
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is caused by mutations in the PAH gene, which provides instructions for making an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase. This enzyme is essential for the breakdown of the amino acid phenylalanine. Mutations in the PAH gene lead to a deficiency in this enzyme, resulting in a build-up of phenylalanine in the body.
What is the gene that codes for an enzyme needed by the proteins?
The gene that codes for an enzyme needed by proteins is typically referred to as the structural gene. It contains the instructions for synthesizing the specific enzyme required for various cellular processes. The enzyme is then produced based on the information encoded in this gene.
What is one gene one enzyme hypothesis just state the hypothesis?
The one gene one enzyme hypothesis states that each gene in an organism is responsible for producing one specific enzyme.
What type of mutations causes galactosemia?
Galactosemia is primarily caused by mutations in the GALT gene, which encodes an enzyme called galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. Mutations in this gene result in reduced or absent enzyme activity, leading to the accumulation of galactose-1-phosphate in the body.
How did the results of Beadle and Tatum's experiment support their hypothesis?
As Beadle and Tatum had predicted, they were able to create single gene mutations that incapacitated specific enzymes, so that the molds with these mutations required an external supply of the substance that the enzyme normally produced, and the substance that the enzyme normally used, piled up in the cell. These results led them to the one gene/one enzyme hypothesis, which states that each gene is responsible for directing the building of a single, specific enzyme.
Why must you use an enzyme that will not cut anywhere within the gene that you are inserting into a plasmid?
If you are trying to take a gene from a DNA strand and put insert it into a plasmid, you wouldn't want a restriction enzyme to cut that gene up, or else it would be pretty useless. In other words, you need an enzyme or two that cuts outside that gene so that it can be functional after it's inserted into a plasmid. After your gene of interest is inserted into a plasmid, the plasmid can be put back into a bacterium, then you could genetically engineer plants with it or let the bacterium reproduce and produce many copies of a protein that you had wanted to make in the first place.
Is Canavan disease caused by a mutation?
Yes, Canavan disease is caused by a mutation in the ASPA gene. This gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called aspartoacylase, which is essential for the breakdown of a compound called N-acetylaspartate. Mutations in the ASPA gene lead to the accumulation of N-acetylaspartate in the brain, causing the characteristic features of Canavan disease.
What is enzyme synthesis?
Enzyme synthesis is the process by which cells make enzymes through transcription and translation of the enzyme's gene into a functional protein. This involves the production of mRNA from DNA in the nucleus, and the subsequent translation of this mRNA into the enzyme in the cytoplasm. Enzymes are essential for catalyzing biochemical reactions in cells.
What is functional complementation?
Functional complementation is a genetic technique used to identify a gene by introducing a mutant organism with a defective gene to see if another organism with a functional copy of that gene can rescue the mutant phenotype. If the introduced gene can restore the normal function, it indicates that the gene is responsible for the observed phenotype in the mutant organism.
