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Mechanical barriers in the inflammatory and immune responses include physical structures like skin and mucous membranes that prevent pathogen entry. Chemical barriers involve substances such as antimicrobial peptides, enzymes in saliva and tears, and acidic secretions that neutralize or destroy pathogens. Together, these barriers form the first line of defense, helping to prevent infection and triggering further immune responses if breached. Inflammation then acts as a secondary response, characterized by increased blood flow and immune cell recruitment to the site of injury or infection.

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