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SymptomsThe following symptoms could indicate that you have an STI:
  • an unusual discharge from the vagina, penis or anus
  • bleeding after sex or between periods
  • sores, blisters, warts, rashes, irritation or itching near the genitals or anus
  • pain on passing urine, or needing to pass urine more often
  • pain during sex
  • pelvic or lower abdominal pain
  • infection in the rectum or throat

You may have an STI but have no symptoms. It's important to be tested if you think you may be at risk of an STI. If untreated, STIs like gonorrhoea and chlamydia may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease in women, which can damage the fallopian tubes and cause pain, ectopic pregnancies and infertility. Men can also experience complications, such as inflammation in the testicles or prostate gland, and painful erections.

CausesMost STIs are caused by microorganisms such as bacteria (eg chlamydia, gonorrhoea) or viruses (eg genital herpes, genital warts, HIV, hepatitis B). These infections can be passed from one person to another during intimate physical contact. Sexual intercourse, non-penetrative genital contact, sex toys shared between partners and oral sex can all transmit an infection. DiagnosisIf you think you may have an STI you can see your GP, visit a genitourinary medicine (GUM) or sexual health clinic.

You can make your own appointment at a GUM or sexual health clinic. All visits are confidential and you don't have to give your real name. Details are not sent to your GP without your consent.

Tests often include a physical examination, which for women may be an internal examination. Swabs (to get cells or traces of infection), blood and urine samples may also be taken.

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