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Hepatitis
Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver caused by one or more of several viruses such as hepatitis A through E. Questions about diagnosis, symptoms, causes, transmission, treatments and prevention can be found here.
769 Questions
The three most common bloodborne pathogens are the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The greatest risks associated with these pathogens include transmission through contact with infected blood, needlestick injuries, and exposure during medical procedures. HIV can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), while HBV and HCV can cause chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Preventive measures such as vaccinations (for HBV), safe handling practices, and the use of personal protective equipment are crucial to mitigate these risks.
Can viral hepatitis lead to liver failure and death?
Yes, viral hepatitis can lead to liver failure and death, particularly if it progresses to chronic liver disease. Hepatitis B and C are especially known for causing long-term liver damage, which can result in cirrhosis or liver cancer. Acute hepatitis can also cause severe liver failure in some cases, leading to fatal outcomes if not treated promptly. Early diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent these severe complications.
What is the truth about hepatitis A and B?
Hepatitis A and B are both viral infections that affect the liver but differ in transmission and prevention. Hepatitis A is primarily spread through contaminated food and water, and vaccination is effective in preventing it. In contrast, Hepatitis B is transmitted through blood, sexual contact, and from mother to child at birth; it can lead to chronic liver disease and is also preventable through vaccination. Both types can cause symptoms such as fatigue, jaundice, and abdominal pain, but Hepatitis B poses a greater long-term health risk.
Can you get hepatitis c from sharing a drink?
Technically, it is highly unlikely to get hepatitis C from sharing a drink unless there is blood present in the drink from a person infected with the virus. So, unless you're sharing a drink with a vampire or someone bleeding profusely into their cup, you're probably safe. But hey, maybe just stick to your own beverage to be on the safe side, ya know?
Hepatic echogenicity refers to the level of brightness or echogenicity of the liver tissue on an ultrasound image. It is determined by the reflection of sound waves off the liver tissue, with different textures and compositions affecting the echogenicity. Normal hepatic echogenicity typically appears homogenous and slightly brighter than the adjacent kidney, while abnormal echogenicity may indicate fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, or other liver conditions.
What is the difference between chronic hepatitis b and carrier of hepatitis B?
Chronic hepatitis B refers to a long-term infection with the hepatitis B virus that can lead to liver inflammation and potentially serious complications such as cirrhosis or liver cancer. A carrier of hepatitis B, on the other hand, typically refers to a person who has the virus in their blood but does not exhibit symptoms or have active liver disease. Carriers can still transmit the virus to others, whereas chronic hepatitis B patients often require medical management to prevent disease progression.
How are viral diseases such as hepatitis and HIV passed?
Viral diseases like hepatitis and HIV are typically transmitted through contact with infected body fluids such as blood, semen, and vaginal fluids. This can occur through unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing needles or syringes, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. It is important to practice safe sex, avoid sharing needles, and get tested regularly to prevent the spread of these infections.
Why is chronic viral hepatitis B considered such a serious condition?
Chronic viral hepatitis B can lead to serious complications like liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer over time. It is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Additionally, chronic hepatitis B is a lifelong infection that requires long-term monitoring and management to prevent complications.
Increased echogenicity of the hepatic parenchyma consistent with steatosis means that there is an increase in fat content within the liver, leading to a brighter appearance on ultrasound. This finding is suggestive of fatty liver disease, which can be associated with conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and high alcohol consumption. Further evaluation and management may be needed to address this issue.
Can animals catch hepatitis B?
Yes, animals can be infected with hepatitis B virus, but it is rare. Transmission usually occurs through close contact with infected human blood or body fluids. There is no evidence that animals can transmit hepatitis B to humans.
What is the root word to hepatitis?
The root word for hepatitis is "hepat," which comes from the Greek word "hepar" meaning liver.
How many liver cancer patients show evidence of hepatitis infection?
Hepatitis infections, particularly chronic infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV), are significant risk factors for the development of liver cancer. Chronic hepatitis infections can lead to inflammation and damage to the liver over time, increasing the likelihood of liver cancer.
The relationship between hepatitis and liver cancer is well-established:
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV): Chronic infection with HBV is a major risk factor for liver cancer. Individuals with chronic HBV infection have a higher risk of developing liver cirrhosis, which can progress to liver cancer. Hepatitis B vaccination is a preventive measure to reduce the risk of HBV-related liver cancer.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV): Chronic infection with HCV is another significant risk factor for liver cancer. Similar to HBV, chronic HCV infection can lead to liver cirrhosis and increase the risk of liver cancer. Antiviral medications are available to treat chronic HCV infection and may reduce the risk of liver cancer in some cases.
The prevalence of hepatitis infection in liver cancer patients can vary depending on geographic regions, as the prevalence of hepatitis infections is not uniform worldwide. In areas with high rates of hepatitis infections, a substantial proportion of liver cancer cases may be attributed to chronic hepatitis.
What are the long term affects of hepatitis?
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, and the long-term effects can vary based on the type of hepatitis and its progression. There are several types of viral hepatitis, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, each caused by different viruses. Here are the potential long-term effects of chronic viral hepatitis, focusing on hepatitis B and C:
Chronic Hepatitis:
Hepatitis B and C, in particular, can become chronic infections. Chronic hepatitis can lead to ongoing inflammation in the liver, which may result in liver damage over time.
Liver Cirrhosis:
Prolonged inflammation in the liver can lead to the development of cirrhosis, a condition characterized by the scarring of liver tissue. Cirrhosis can impair liver function and may lead to complications such as portal hypertension, ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen), and an increased risk of liver cancer.
Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma):
Chronic hepatitis, especially hepatitis B and C, increases the risk of developing liver cancer. Cirrhosis is a significant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Regular monitoring and early detection are crucial for managing this increased risk.
Liver Failure:
In severe cases, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis can progress to liver failure, where the liver is unable to perform its essential functions. This can be life-threatening and may require a liver transplant.
Extrahepatic Manifestations:
Chronic viral hepatitis can sometimes lead to complications outside the liver, affecting other organs and systems. For example, hepatitis B is associated with certain kidney conditions, while hepatitis C has been linked to conditions such as cryoglobulinemia.
Fatigue and Reduced Quality of Life:
Chronic viral hepatitis can cause persistent fatigue and a reduced quality of life. Ongoing symptoms and the need for long-term management may impact daily activities and overall well-being.
What is the mode of transmission of hepatitis?
My long time partner, heterosexual, of 27 years has been having a 5 year affair with a co-worker whose husband is HVC positive from kidney dialysis. He does not know if the girlfriend has been tested or if she is intimate with her husband or others. We have been intimate since I did not have knowledge of the affair until two months ago. The affair is on going. Should he be tested for the virus?
Yes, Chronic hepatitis B may eventually cause liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, a fatal disease with very poor response to current chemotherapy. The infection is preventable by vaccination.
What should you do if you came in contact with someone who has Hepatitis A?
If you believe you've contracted Hepatitis A and are experiencing the symptoms - fatigue, fever, nausia, abdominal cramps, jaundice, etc. - you should see a doctor immediately. Hepatitis attacks the liver, which causes the yellowing of your eyes and skin.
Which virus is transmitted by the fecal oral route?
Hepatitis A, which is caused by the H.A.V. virus, is transmitted by contaminated food and water, and prevented by the hepatitis A vaccine.
Can you get hepatitis c from a needle stick?
One said "I DID in 1976 at fort Lenard wood Mo"
A differing view is that The flu shot doesnt give you Hepatitus C but it does agrivate those who already have itt and makes it worse, which some might mistake for causing the disease...
What are the symptoms of alcoholic hepatitis?
Dangers of Black Cohosh as HRT
Popular Herb Linked to Liver Disease
By Charlene Laino
WebMD Medical News Reviewed by Brunilda Nazario, MD
on Friday, October 17, 2003
Oct 17, 2003 (BALTIMORE) - Black Cohosh, an herbal remedy gaining popularity as a panacea for the hot flashes, mood swings, and other symptoms of menopause, can cause the body's immune system to launch an attack on the liver, doctors warn, Stanley M, Cohan, MD, assistant professor of medicine at the University of Chicago, tells WebMD that he and colleagues have diagnosed what they believe is the first case of autoimmune hepatitis caused by the use of black cohosh. A progressive inflammation of the liver caused by the body's immune system attack on liver cells--- autoimmune hepatitis can cause people to become so tired that even crossing the
room is a chore. Some patients complain of abdominal discomfort, others of achy joints and itching. The skin may become yellow and the liver can become enlarged. Without proper treatment, this serious illness progresses and most people eventually die. The disease is thought to have some genetic link, with women accounting for as many as 70% of the patients. Fortunately, with prompt diagnosis and therapy, most people, including his patients, recover, Cohen says, "If you're taking black cohosh, ask your doctor for liver function tests," he says. His patient had been taking the herb for only a few weeks when symptoms developed. "Black cohosh has the potential for serious side effects," Cohen says. A search of the medical literature revealed five reports of other liver problems associated with the use of black cohosh, he says. Eamonn Quigley, MD, of the department of medicine at Cork University Hospital in Cork, Ireland,.
says that several studies show high use of herbal products among patients with liver disease. "Many (people) have made the assumption that herbal remedies are innocuous, but we now know they are not." he says. The doctors spoke with WebMD at the 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology this week. Dr Cohen says that the use of black cohosh has increased since last year, when the large Women's Health Initiative study demonstrated that use of estrogen was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and heart problems. That led the nation's top doctors to conclude that for many patients the benefits of hormone replacement therapy don't outweigh the risks. "Since then, women have been
looking for other products that can relieve menopausal symptoms," Dr, Cohen said, "and one of the most popular is black cohosh," known scientifically as Aciea racemosa. Catherine Ulbright, PharmD, RPh, founder and editor of the Natural Standard Research Collaboration, which collects data on complementary therapies, says several studies have reported black cohosh to improve menopausal symptoms, including hot flashes, mooddisturbances, palpitations, and vaginal dryness, for up to six months, "But although these initial studies are suggestive, they have been few in number and have universally suffered from weaknesses," says Dr. Ulbright, who is also a senior attending pharmacist at Massachusetts Genera! Hospital in Boston. Also, there have been no studies looking at whether the herb is safe and effective over the long-term, she says. Dr. Cohen says his team i came to the conclusion that their patient , a 57-year-old woman, suffered from black cohosh-induced autoimmune hepatitis after exhaustive examination. The woman, who came in complaining of increasing fatigue and lethargy over the past two weeks, had recently stopped hormone replacement therapy at the advice of her primary physician. She started taking black cohosh three weeks prior to feeling ill, he says. Liver function tests and a liver biopsy revealed abnormalities that are consistent with a diagnosis of drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis, Dr. Cohen says. The woman was told to stop taking the herb and was treated with prescribed steroids. She felt completely better just two weeks later, and liver function tests were back to normal in about nine weeks.
How long can the hep b virus stay alive on an inanimate object?
It can be infectious for about a week,
