It means that the patient has not been exposed to hepatitis B (ie is not and has not ever been infected with it) and that the patient has not received a vaccine against hepatitis b.
If your blood test results indicate "no evidence of immunity" to Hepatitis B, it means that you have not developed adequate antibodies to protect against the virus, either due to a lack of vaccination or a previous infection that did not result in immunity. The nonreactive Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (with a value of 0.90) further confirms that your body has not produced the antibodies needed for immunity. This suggests that you may need to consider vaccination to protect yourself against Hepatitis B. It's best to discuss these results with your healthcare provider for personalized advice and next steps.
low immunity
A positive HBs antibody titer indicates that an individual has developed antibodies against the hepatitis B virus, typically as a result of vaccination or past infection. This suggests that the person has immunity to hepatitis B and is less likely to contract the virus. It is an important marker for assessing immunity status in individuals, especially those at risk for hepatitis B exposure.
HBsAg non-reactive does NOT mean immune to hepatitis B. To understand this we have to discuss what exactly HBsAg is. The hepatitis B virus has several components. It is an encapsulated virus, meaning that its central DNA core is protected by an outer shell. This shell is sometimes called the "surface". On this surface are some antigens, which are simply proteins that induce an immune response in the body. We abbreviate these antigens as HBsAg, which is shorthand for "hepatitis B surface antigen". If a blood test reveals that there are no detectable hepatitis B surface antigens, this simply means that the individual has no evidence of being currently infected with hepatitis B. Otherwise, there would be some hepatitis B surface antigens (with hepatitis B DNA inside them) floating around in the bloodstream. To determine if a person is immune to hepatitis B, we must draw a different test. This test checks for the presence of antibodies to the hepatitis B surface antigens. Sometimes this is abbreviated as HBAb, or as Hepatitis B IgG. If the patient has antibodies to Hepatitis B surface antigens, and has no detectable HBsAg in their bloodstream, then it is likely that they are immune. But be careful! Simply having Hepatitis B surface antibodies does not indicate immunity! It may mean that the person is actually infected with Hep B. This is why both tests are necessary to document immunity.
HBsAg stands for hepatitis B surface antigen. This antigen is a protein on the surface of the hepatitis B virus and is the marker used to diagnose acute or chronic hepatitis B infection. Detection of HBsAg in the blood indicates an active hepatitis B infection.
Jaundice, characterized by yellowing of the eyes and skin, can indicate liver dysfunction but does not specifically mean you have hepatitis. It occurs when there is an excess of bilirubin in the blood, which can result from various conditions, including hepatitis, gallstones, or liver disease. A proper diagnosis requires medical evaluation and testing to determine the underlying cause of the jaundice.
Do you mean lymphocytes? Lymphocytes are white blood cells which make chemicals called antibodies. Antibodies destroy bacteria which get into the blood. They give us immunity to diseases.
Directly through the bacteriophagic function by macrophages, lymphocytes etc and indirectly by immunity
It means evidence in the form of blood or gore.
I was diagnosed as HEPATITIS B carrier in 2013 with fibrosis of the liver already present. I started on antiviral medications which reduced the viral load initially. After a couple of years the virus became resistant. I started on HEPATITIS B Herbal treatment from ULTIMATE LIFE CLINIC (www .ultimatelifeclinic. com) in March, 2020. Their treatment totally reversed the virus. I did another blood test after the 6 months long treatment and tested negative to the virus. Amazing treatment! This treatment is a breakthrough for all HBV carriers.
ALT can be elevated in hepatitis (infectious or metabolic) or cirrhosis. It can also be elevated if you have obstruction around the gallbladder.
A positive varicella zoster virus IgG is evidence of immunity to chickenpox, whether from prior disease or from vaccination.