A cardiac cycle is the complete sequence to make one complete contraction. Factors that influence the cardiac cycle include the increase and decrease in heart rate, change of posture, parasympathetic nervous system activity and sympathetic nervous system activity.
Cardiac output is the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute, reflecting the heart's efficiency and overall cardiovascular health. It is calculated by multiplying stroke volume (the amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat) by heart rate (the number of beats per minute). Cardiac output is crucial for ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen and nutrients to function properly. Factors such as physical activity, body position, and overall health can influence cardiac output.
Peripheral resistance and cardiac output
Cardiac output is affected by several factors, including heart rate and stroke volume. Heart rate is the number of beats per minute, while stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat. Additionally, factors such as blood volume, vascular resistance, and the contractility of the heart muscle can also influence cardiac output. Changes in these parameters can lead to variations in overall blood flow to the body's tissues.
Cardiac input, often referred to as cardiac output, is the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute. It is a critical measure of heart efficiency and overall cardiovascular health, calculated as the product of heart rate (the number of heartbeats per minute) and stroke volume (the amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat). Normal cardiac output ranges from about 4 to 8 liters per minute in a healthy adult at rest. Factors such as exercise, body position, and overall health can influence cardiac output.
cardiac output :)
Cardiac output (CO) is determined by the heart rate (HR) and the volume of blood pumped by each beat (stroke volume - SV). Mathematically, cardiac output can be represented by the equation: CO = HR x SV As such, if total cardiac output falls as a result of decreased stroke volume, the heart rate can increase to keep the total cardiac output normal, to a certain extent. Stroke volume is more complicated; it is determined by many different factors, including preload, afterload, competence of the atrioventricular valves, ventricular cavity size, and the strength of the squeeze of the cardiac muscle, amongst others. Any change in one of these factors requires a compensation in one or more of the others to maintain cardiac output.
A decrease in cardiac output can result from various factors, including reduced heart rate, diminished stroke volume, or impaired myocardial contractility. Conditions such as heart failure, severe dehydration, or significant blood loss can lead to these changes. Additionally, factors like increased systemic vascular resistance can also contribute to a decrease in cardiac output. Overall, any condition that negatively affects the heart's ability to pump effectively or reduces blood volume can lead to lowered cardiac output.
cardiac output
10 liters
cardiac output
cardiac output is heart rate multiplied by stroke volume,
its not cardiac rest, its cardiac ARREST. which is a heart attack.