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Multiple Sclerosis is caused by an autoimmune response which causes the immune system to attack the myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers in the central nervous system (CNS). The immune system will attack and destroy myelin, leaving in its place hard, plaque-like scars (called scleroses) where nerve signal transmission is decreased, causing the symptoms of the disease.

This explains the name "multiple sclerosis," which means "many scars."

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