The pupil reflex is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, specifically the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. Constriction of the pupil (miosis) is controlled by the parasympathetic system through the action of the cranial nerve III (oculomotor nerve). Dilation of the pupil (mydriasis) is controlled by the sympathetic system through the action of the superior cervical ganglion.
Yes, dilation of the pupil is primarily controlled by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. When the sympathetic system is activated, it causes the pupil to dilate, allowing more light to enter the eye.
Sympathetic stimulation of the eye will cause dilation of the pupil (mydriasis) and relaxation of the ciliary muscle for far vision.
The iris controls how much light enters the pupil by adjusting its size. In bright conditions, the iris contracts to make the pupil smaller, reducing the amount of light that enters the eye. In dim conditions, the iris relaxes to dilate the pupil and allow more light in for better visibility.
Sympathetic stimulations are signals to the body that imply stress. Sympathetic stimulation stimulates the sympathetic part of the peripheral nervous system and results in multiple response such as increased cardiac output, dilation of the pupil, inhibition of the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder, and erection of the penis.
Horner's is a malfunctioning of the sympathetic innervation to the pupil. Depending on what drug is used to dilate the pupil, and where the malfunction is, it could do.
The pupillary light reflex is an autonomic response controlled by the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. When light is detected by the retina, signals are sent to the brainstem to constrict the pupil (parasympathetic activation) or dilate the pupil (sympathetic activation) depending on the intensity of the light.
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The iris is not innervated directly, however the iris sphincter muscle is affected by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Sympathetic stimulation causes pupil dilation while parasympathetic nervous system causes pupil constriction. The parasympathetic response is quicker because of the proximity of a parasympathetic ganglion (ciliary ganglion) to the eye. The sympathetic response is slower because all sympathetic ganglia are confined to the spinal cord. This is the reason why people adjust faster to a bright shining light than darkness.
a drug that inhibits the action of the sympathetic sysytem
it affect the organs of heart,stomach,liver,kidney,blood vessels,trachea-lungs,pupil,glands,intestine and bladder......
sympathetic chains