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Which of the following are true about lactate dehydrogenase?
Correct answer: I, II, III and IV
Why can't lactate be converted to NAD?
Lactate cannot be directly converted to NAD because lactate is a product of anaerobic glycolysis, where NAD+ is reduced to NADH during the conversion of pyruvate to lactate. The regeneration of NAD+ from NADH occurs primarily in aerobic conditions through the electron transport chain. In anaerobic conditions, lactate accumulation allows glycolysis to continue by recycling NADH back to NAD+, but it does not convert lactate itself into NAD. Thus, lactate serves as a temporary storage form of reducing equivalents, rather than a source for NAD regeneration.
What is the approximate blood lactate level in mmol at the anaerobic threshold?
The anaerobic threshold, also known as the lactate threshold, is typically associated with blood lactate levels of approximately 2 to 4 mmol/L. At this point, the body begins to produce lactate at a rate that exceeds its clearance, leading to an accumulation in the bloodstream. The exact level can vary depending on the individual’s fitness level and exercise intensity.
What is Usain Bolt's lactate threshold?
Usain Bolt's lactate threshold is not publicly specified in exact terms, but it is estimated that elite sprinters like him have a lactate threshold around 85-90% of their maximum heart rate. This high threshold allows them to sustain intense efforts for longer durations before fatigue sets in due to lactate accumulation. Bolt's exceptional speed and endurance during sprints reflect his ability to efficiently manage lactate levels.
How does the accumulation of lactate and lactic acid in the muscles during intense exercise affect athletic performance?
The accumulation of lactate and lactic acid in the muscles during intense exercise can lead to muscle fatigue and decreased performance. This buildup can cause a burning sensation in the muscles and can impair muscle function, leading to decreased strength and endurance. Athletes may experience decreased power output and slower recovery times as a result of high levels of lactate and lactic acid in the muscles.
Why does lactate accumulate in the blood during bursts of very vigorous exercise?
Lactate accumulates because of the lack of available oxygen in the muscles. In anaerobic conditions, the pyruvate produced by glycolysis is reduced to lactate via lactate dehydrogenase (while also oxidizing a single molecule of NADH to regenerate NAD+). NAD+ is a very important molecule and must readily be available in the cytoplasm in order for glycolysis to proceed.
What does lactate cause?
Lactate threshold is caused when lactate production exceeds lactate clearance during exercise or increasing intensity.
What is the name enzymes that catalyzes the formation of lactate during lactate fermentation?
lactate dehydrogenase
When lactate builds up in a runners muscles it a buring sensation. what causes this to occur?
The burning sensation in a runner's muscles when lactate builds up is primarily due to the accumulation of lactic acid, which is produced during anaerobic metabolism when the body needs energy quickly and oxygen supply is limited. As lactate levels increase, it can lower the pH in the muscle cells, leading to acidosis. This acidic environment can stimulate nerve endings, resulting in the characteristic burning feeling. Additionally, the buildup of lactate indicates that the muscles are working at high intensity, surpassing their aerobic capacity.
Is sodium lactate the conjugate base of lactic acid?
Yes, sodium lactate is the conjugate base of lactic acid. When lactic acid (a weak acid) donates a proton (H⁺), it forms lactate, which is the conjugate base. Sodium lactate is the sodium salt of lactate, meaning it contains the lactate ion paired with sodium. Thus, it can act as a source of lactate in solution.
What is the differences between anaerobic threshold and lactate threshold?
Lactate Threshold and Anaerobic Threshold (also known as the Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation OBLA) are very similar and for most intents and purposes are referred to as the same thing. Lactate Threshold is the point at which lactic acid produce in the muscle during glycolysis is not metabolised as fast as it is being produced. Anaerobic Threshold is the result of this Lactate Threshold, after Lactate Threshold occurs the extra lactic acid from the muscle then acuminates into the blood, once Blood Lactate (BL) level reaches 4 mmol/L it is defined as Anaerobic Threshold or OBLA. Additionally, this Lactic acid is then Broken into lactate and acid (H+ ions). The lactate is recycled and used as an energy source, while the H+ ions are neutralised in the blood, with a by-product being CO2, the CO2 then needs to be expelled through ventilation, this is called Ventilatory Threshold (VT) and is characterised by a sudden heavy ventilation. Put simply Lactate Threshold, Anaerobic Threshold and Ventilatory Threshold happen in a cascade chain and each threshold usually occurs soon after the one before it. (non-plagarised reference: s4121335 UQ)
How many mEq in a mmolL in lactate?
To convert millimoles per liter (mmol/L) of lactate to milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L), you need to consider the charge of the lactate ion. Lactate (C3H5O3^-) has one negative charge, so 1 mmol/L of lactate is equivalent to 1 mEq/L. Therefore, the conversion is straightforward: 1 mmol/L of lactate equals 1 mEq/L of lactate.
