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Gas exchange refers to the process by which oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is expelled from it, typically occurring in the lungs during respiration. In this process, oxygen from inhaled air diffuses into the blood, while carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism, diffuses from the blood into the lungs to be exhaled. This exchange is crucial for maintaining the body’s oxygen levels and removing harmful gases. It occurs at the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs, where the exchange happens through thin membranes.

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