Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is an inflammatory condition affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth. It starts with gingivitis, characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding of the gums, often due to plaque buildup. If left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, where the inflammation can lead to the destruction of bone and connective tissue, potentially resulting in tooth loss. Maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups are crucial for prevention and management.