spastic paralysis
The main symptom of upper motor neuron syndrome is spasticity, which is characterized by increased muscle tone and exaggerated reflexes. Other common symptoms include muscle weakness, difficulty with fine motor skills, and impaired voluntary movement.
central nervous system (CNS) is the descending tract and one ascending tract in upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron.
upper motor neurons
Upper Motor Neurons
two motor neurons are always involved in descending motor pathways. the upper motor neuron and the lower motor neuron.
LMNLIt is due to lesion of lower motor neurons i.e. the spinal and cranial motor neurons that directly innervate the muscles.Usually single or individual muscle is affected.Disuse atrophy of muscles.All reflexes are absent.flaccid paralysis occurs.Babinski planter response not elicited.2. UMNLIt is due to upper motor neuron lesion.It involves group of muscles.spastic paralysis occurs.muscle atrophy is not severe.reflexesdeep reflexes are hyperactive.superficial refle;xes;only abdominal,cremastric and anal reflexes are lost.Babinski sign:positive.AI'IGHT,UUUMMM HOPE THIS HELPS :) LOWER MOTOR NEURON LESION: vs UPPER MOTOR NEURON LESION:1)FLACCID MUSCLE SPASTICITY OF MUSCLE2)HYPO-TONIA HYPER-TONIA3)HYPO-REFLEXIA HYPER-REFLEXIA4)PROFOUND MUSCLE ATROPHY MINIMAL MUSCLE ATROPHY5)FASCICULATIONS("TWITCHING") PRESENT FASCICULATIONS ABSNTSO JUST REMEMBER: LOWER = HYPO- EVERYTHING ; UPPER = HYPER- EVERYTHING,WELL, EXCEPT OFCOURSE - THE TWITCHING AND MUSCLE ATROPHY (ITS REVERSED).
false, it would be a motor unit.
Contralateral hemiplegia occurs in patients with upper motor neuron lesions, such as those resulting from a stroke, due to the decussation (crossing) of motor pathways in the central nervous system. Specifically, the majority of fibers in the corticospinal tract cross over at the medulla oblongata, meaning that damage to the motor cortex in one hemisphere affects the motor control of the opposite side of the body. This disruption leads to weakness or paralysis on the side of the body opposite to the lesion. Thus, a stroke in the left hemisphere typically results in contralateral (right-sided) hemiplegia.
A positive finding in an adult could suggest signs of hyperreflexia, spasticity, and a positive Babinski sign. These are commonly seen in upper motor neuron lesions affecting the pyramidal tract. Further evaluation and testing may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.
because the superficial reflex fibres also come through the umn fibres along with it
Upper motor neurons are responsible for initiating voluntary movements by sending signals from the brain to the lower motor neurons in the spinal cord. They play a crucial role in coordinating and executing motor functions throughout the body. Dysfunction of upper motor neurons can result in symptoms such as muscle weakness, spasticity, and impaired coordination.
Flaccid paralysis an abnormal condition characterized by the weakening or the loss of muscle tone. It may be caused by disease or by trauma affecting the nerves associated with the involved muscles Spastic Paralysis characterized by spasms and ↑ tendon reflexes of the muscle(s) in the paralyzed region, due to upper motor neuron disease