Urinary retention can predispose someone with MS to urinary tract infection, including pyelonephritis.
Yes
Pyelonephritis is commonly caused by bacterial infections, with Escherichia coli being the most common pathogen. Factors such as urinary tract abnormalities, bladder dysfunction, and weakened immune system can increase the risk of developing pyelonephritis.
Acute pyelonephritis is most common in adult females but can affect people of either sex and any age
yes
The prefix of pyelonephritis is "pyelo-".
Pyelonephritis is often associated with the reflux of urine from the bladder to the upper urinary tract
Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder, often caused by a bacterial infection. Pyelonephritis is a more serious infection that affects the kidneys and occurs when a urinary tract infection spreads upward from the bladder to the kidneys. Pyelonephritis may cause more severe symptoms than cystitis and can lead to complications if not treated promptly.
The diagnosis of pyelonephritis is based on the patient's history, a physical examination, and the results of laboratory and imaging tests
bacteremia (bacterial invasion of the bloodstream), hypertension, chronic pyelonephritis and even permanent kidney damage.
If the patient has pyelonephritis, the urine tests will show the presence of white blood cells, and bacteria in the urine
glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys however, pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidney(s). They are both due to infection.